Providence Neurodevelopmental Center for ChildrenDisorders considered to be neurodevelopmental in origin or to have neurodevelopmental consequences when they occur in infancy and childhood include autism and autism spectrum disorders, such as Asperger’s syndrome; traumatic brain injury (including congenital injuries, such as those that cause cerebral palsy); communication, speech and language disorders; genetic disorders, such as fragile-X syndrome, Down syndrome and Rett syndrome; epilepsy; fetal alcohol syndrome; learning disorders; and neurological disorders. - Apraxia is a neurological disorder characterized by the inability to perform learned (familiar) movements on command, even though the command is under...
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Symptoms and findings associated with the group of neuromuscular disorders formerly known as benign congenital hypotonia include low muscle tone (hy...
More » - Hereditary ataxias are a group of neurological disorders (ataxias) of varying degrees of rarity that are inherited, in contrast to a related group of ...
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Cerebral palsy is a group of problems that affects body movement and posture. It is related to a brain injury or to problems with brain growth. It i...
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A stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain is blocked or bursts. Without blood and the oxygen it carries, part of the brain starts to die. The...
More » - Complications of premature birth include bleeding in the brain (intraventricular hemorrhage, or IVH) and periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). IVH is mo...
More » - A motor skill is the ability to move your body to carry out a task. Motor skills require the brain, nerves, skeleton, joints and muscles to work toget...
More » - Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant, multi-system disorder that affects both smooth and skeletal muscles and may affect the centr...
More » - Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare muscle disorder, but it is one of the most frequent genetic conditions, affecting approximately 1 in 3,500...
More » - Trisomy 13 syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder in which all or a portion of chromosome 13 appears three times (trisomy) rather than twice in cells...
More » - Prader-Willi syndrome typically causes low muscle tone, short stature if not treated with growth hormone, incomplete sexual development and a chronic ...
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Angelman syndrome is a rare genetic neurological disorder characterized by the following: severe developmental delays and learning disabilities; the...
More » - Velocardiofacial syndrome, (VCFS), a rare genetic disorder, is characterized by abnormalities of the head and facial (craniofacial) area, heart defect...
More » - Tuberous sclerosis is a rare genetic multisystem disorder that is typically apparent shortly after birth. The disorder may be characterized by episode...
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Children with sensory integration dysfunction have difficulty processing information from the senses (touch, movement, smell, taste, vision and hear...
More » - The syndrome of optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH), also known as septooptic dysplasia (SOD) or DeMorsier syndrome, is a congenital disorder characterized b...
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Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1), also called von Recklinghausen's disease, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the development of multiple n...
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Autism is a brain disorder that often makes it hard to communicate with and relate to others. With autism, the different areas of the brain fail to ...
More » - Brachial plexus palsy, also known as Erb's palsy, is a paralysis or weakness of the arm caused by an injury to one or more nerves that control and sup...
More » - Cleft palate is a treatable birth defect. It happens when the roof of the baby's mouth (palate) does not develop normally during pregnancy, leaving an...
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Arnold-Chiari malformation is a rare malformation of the brain that is sometimes, but not always, apparent at birth. It is characterized by abnormal...
More » - Tethered spinal cord syndrome is a disorder characterized by progressive neurological deterioration that results from compression of the lowermost bun...
More » - Congenital hydrocephalus is a condition present at birth in which excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collects within the brain. The brain's passageways ...
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Developmental delays are present when a child does not demonstrate abilities and skills commonly found in other children in the same age group. Dela...
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Intellectual disability (formerly called mental retardation) is a decreased ability to think and learn. It is caused by a problem with how the brain...
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Alcohol and drugs can cause problems for you during your pregnancy and when it is time for your baby to be born. They can also affect your baby both...
More » - Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is a form of child abuse. It refers to brain injury that happens to the child. It occurs when someone shakes a baby or slam...
More » - Carnitine Deficiency Syndrome is a rare metabolic disorder that may be inherited in some cases, or occur as a result of other metabolic disorders. Car...
More » - Coffin-Siris syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that may be evident at birth (congenital). The disorder may be characterized by feeding difficulties ...
More » - Costello syndrome is an extremely rare disorder that affects multiple organ systems of the body (multisystem disorder). Costello syndrome is character...
More » - Williams syndrome, also known as Williams-Beuren syndrome, is a rare genetic disorder characterized by growth delays before and after birth (prenatal ...
More » - Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare genetic disorder that is apparent at birth (congenital). Associated symptoms and findings typically includ...
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Spina bifida is a birth defect. Most children who have spina bifida do not have problems from it. It occurs when the bones of the spine (vertebrae) ...
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Classical lissencephaly, also known as lissencephaly type I, is a brain malformation that may occur as an isolated abnormality (isolated lissencepha...
More » - Schizencephaly is an extremely rare developmental birth defect characterized by abnormal slits, or clefts, in the cerebral hemispheres of the brain....
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A child's failure to reach speech and language milestones as expected may be a "red flag," or warning, indicating a speech and language de...
More » - Down syndrome is a set of physical and mental traits caused by a gene problem that happens before birth. Children with Down syndrome tend to have cert...
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Epilepsy causes repeated seizures and is one of the most common neurological condition. The seizures are caused by bursts of electrical activity in ...
More » - Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a characteristic pattern of mental and physical birth defects that results from maternal use of alcohol during pregnan...
More » - Fragile X syndrome is characterized by moderate mental retardation in affected males and mild mental retardation in affected females. ...
More » - Hearing loss is a sudden or gradual decrease in how well you can hear. Depending on the cause, it can range from mild to severe and can be reversible,...
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Excessive weight in children and adolescents is becoming an increasingly serious problem. In the United States, 13 percent of children aged 6 to 11 ...
More » - Failure to thrive is a term used to describe a child who seems to be gaining weight or height more slowly than other children of his or her age and se...
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Difficulty swallowing is also called dysphagia. It is usually a sign of a problem with your throat or esophagus—the muscular tube that moves food an...
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Topic Overview
This topic is about gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in adults. For information on reflux in babies and children, see Gastroes...
More » - Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF-2) is a rare genetic disorder that is primarily characterized by benign (noncancerous) tumors of the nerves that transmit...
More » - Primary craniosynostosis is a rare disorder of the skull that may be inherited as an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive genetic trait. Prematur...
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Torticollis, also known as "wryneck," is a condition in which your baby's head is tilted. The chin points to one shoulder, while the head ...
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Pregnancy normally lasts about 40 weeks. A baby born 3 or more weeks early is premature. Babies who are born closer to their due dates tend to have ...
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Rett's disorder, also called Rett's syndrome, is a brain disorder characterized by normal early development (until sometime between 5 months and 4 y...
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A concussion is a brain injury that is caused by a sudden blow to the head or to the body. The blow shakes the brain inside the skull, which tempora...
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